Emergency Safety Interventions

The Board of Education is committed to limiting the use of Emergency Safety Interventions (ESI), such as seclusion and restraint, with all students. Seclusion and restraint shall be used only when a student’s conduct necessitates the use of an emergency safety intervention as defined below. The board of education encourages all employees to utilize other behavioral management tools, including prevention techniques, de-escalation techniques, and positive behavioral intervention strategies.

The board of education follows ESI statutes/regulations established by the State of Kansas and Kansas State Department of Education. Board policy and practices shall follow and reflect any changes made in statutes/ regulations governing the use of ESI.

This policy shall be made available on the district website with links to the policy available on any individual school pages. In addition, this policy shall be included in at least one of the following: each school’s code of conduct, school safety plan, or student handbook.

Definitions (See K.A.R. 91-42-1)

“Emergency Safety Intervention” is the use of seclusion or physical restraint but does not include physical escort or the use of time-out.

“Seclusion” means placement of a student in a location where are the following criteria are met: (1) the student is placed in an enclosed area by school personnel; (2) the student is purposefully isolated from adults and peers; and (3) the student is prevented from leaving, or the student reasonably believes that the student will be prevented from leaving, the enclosed area.

“Chemical Restraint” means the use of medication to control a student’s violent physical behavior or restrict a student’s freedom of movement.

“Mechanical Restraint” means any device or object to limit a student’s movement.

Parent means: (1) a natural parent; (2) an adoptive parent; (3) a person acting as a parent as defined in K.S.A. 721046(d)(2), and amendments thereto; (4) a legal guardian; (5) an education advocate for a student with an exceptionality; (6) a foster parent, unless the foster parent’s child is a student with an exceptionality; or (7) a student who has reached the age of majority or is an emancipated minor.

“Physical Restraint” means bodily force used to substantially limit a student’s movement, except that consensual, solicited or unintentional contact and contact to provide comfort, assistance or instruction shall not be deemed to be physical restraint.

“Physical Escort” means the temporary touching or holding the hand, wrist, arm, shoulder, or back of student who is acting out for the purpose of inducing the student to walk to a safe location.

“Time-Out” means a behavioral intervention in which a student is temporarily removed from a learning activity without being secluded.

“Campus police officer” means a school security officer designated by the board of education of any school district pursuant to K.S.A.-8222, and amendments thereto.

“Law enforcement officer” and “police officer” means a full-time or part-time salaried officer or employee of the state, a county or a city, whose duties include the prevention or detection of crime and the law enforcement of criminal or traffic law of this state or any Kansas municipality. This term includes a campus officer.

“Legitimate law enforcement purpose” means a goal within the law authority of an officer that is to be achieved through methods or conduct condoned by the officer’s appointing authority.

“School resource officer” means a law enforcement officer or police officer employed by a local law enforcement agency who is assigned to a district through an agreement between the local law enforcement agency and the district.

“School security officer” means a person who is employed by a board of education of any school district for the purpose of aiding and supplementing state and local law enforcement agencies in which the school district is located, but is not a law enforcement officer or police officer.

Prohibited Types of Restraint

All staff members are prohibited from engaging in the following actions with all students:

• Using face-down (prone) physical restraint;
• Using face-up (supine) physical restraint;
• Any restraint that obstructs the student’s airway;
• Any restraint that impacts a student’s primary mode of communication;
• Using chemical restraints, except as prescribed treatment of a student’s medical or psychiatric condition by a person appropriately licensed to issue such treatments; and
• Use of mechanical restraint, except:
• Protective or stabilizing devices required by law or used in accordance with an order from a person appropriately licensed to issue the order for the device;
• Any device used by law enforcement officers to carry out law enforcement duties; or • Seatbelts and other safety equipment used to secure students during transportation.

Use of Emergency Safety Interventions

ESI shall be used only when a student presents a reasonable and immediate danger of physical harm to such student or others with the present ability to effect such physical harm. When less restrictive alternatives to ESI, such as positive behavior interventions support, shall be deemed inappropriate or ineffective under the circumstances by the school employees witnessing the student’s behavior prior to the use of ESI. The use of ESI shall cease as soon as the immediate danger of physical harm ceases to exist. Violent action that is destructive of property may necessitate the use of an ESI. Use of an ESI for purposes of discipline, punishment or for the convenience of a school employee shall not meet the standard of immediate danger of physical harm.

ESI Restrictions

A student shall not be subjected to ESI if the student is known to have a medical condition that could put the student in mental or physical danger as a result of ESI. The existence of such medical condition must be indicated in a written statement from the student’s licensed health care provider, a copy of which has been provided to the school and placed in the student’s file.

Such written statement shall include an explanation of the student’s diagnosis, a list of any reasons why ESI would put the student in mental or physical danger, and any suggested alternatives to ESI. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, a student may be subjected to ESI, if not subjecting the student to ESI would result in significant physical harm to the student or others.

Use of Seclusion

When a student is placed in seclusion, a school employee shall be able to see and hear the student at all times. All seclusion rooms equipped with a locking door shall be designed to ensure that the lock automatically disengages when the school employee viewing the student walks away from the seclusion room, or in case of emergency, such as fire or severe weather.

A seclusion room shall be a safe place with proportional and similar characteristics as other rooms where students frequent.

Such room shall be free of any condition that could be a danger to the student and shall be well ventilated and sufficiently lighted.

Training

All staff members shall be trained regarding the use of positive behavioral intervention strategies, de-escalation techniques, and prevention techniques. Such training shall be consistent with nationally recognized training programs on the use of emergency safety interventions. The intensity of the training provided will depend upon the employee’s position.

Administrators, licensed staff members, and other staff deemed most likely to need to restrain a student will be provided more intense training than staff who do not work directly with students in the classroom. District and building administration shall make the determination of the intensity of training required by each position.

Each school building shall maintain written and electronic documentation regarding the training that was provided and a list of participants, which shall be made available for inspection by the state board of education upon request.

Notification and Documentation

The principal or designee shall notify the parent, on the same day the emergency safety intervention was used. If the school is unable to contact the parent, the principal or designee shall attempt to contact the parent using at least two methods of contact. The same day notification requirement shall be deemed satisfied if the school attempts at least two methods of contact. A parent may designate a preferred method of contact to receive the same day notification. A parent may agree, in writing, to receive only one same-day notification from the school for multiple incidents occurring on the same day.

Documentation of the ESI used shall be completed and provided to the student’s parents no later than the school day following the day on which the ESI was used. This documentation shall include:

• The events leading up to the incident;
• Student behaviors that necessitated the emergency safety intervention;
• Steps taken to transition the student back into the education setting;
• The date and time of the intervention, the type of intervention, the length of time the intervention was used, and the school personnel who participated in or supervised the intervention, and any other information required by statute or regulation.
• Space or an additional form for parents to provide feedback or comments to the school regarding the incident;
• A statement that invites and strongly encourages parents to schedule a meeting to discuss the incident and how to prevent future use of emergency safety interventions; and
• Email and phone information for the parent to contact the school to schedule the emergency safety intervention meeting.

The parent shall be provided the following information after the first and each subsequent incident in which an ESI is used during each school year: (1) a copy of the standards which indicates when ESI can be used; (2) a flyer on the parent’s rights; (3) information on the parent’s right to file a complaint through the local dispute resolution process (which is set forth in this policy) and, the complaint process of the state board of education; and (4) information that will assist the parent in navigating the complaint process, including contact information for Families Together and the Disability Rights Center of Kansas. Upon the first occurrence of an incident involving the use of emergency safety intervention the foregoing information shall be provided in printed form, or upon the parent’s written request, by email. Upon occurrence of a second or subsequent incident, the parent shall be provided with a full and direct website address containing such information.

Law Enforcement, School Resource and Campus Security Officers

Campus police officers and school resource officers shall be exempt from the requirements of this policy when engaged in an activity that has a legitimate law enforcement purpose. School security officers shall not be exempt from the requirements of this policy.

If a school is aware that a law enforcement officer or school resource officer has used seclusion, physical restraint, or mechanical restraint on a student, the school staff shall notify the parent the same day using the parent’s preferred method of contact. A school shall not be required to provide written documentation to a parent, as set forth above, regarding law enforcement use of an ESI, or report to the state department of education any law enforcement use of an ESI. For purposes of this subsection, mechanical restraint includes, by is not limited to, the use of handcuffs.

Documentation of ESI Incidents

Except as specified above with regard to law enforcement or school resource officer used of emergency safety intervention, each building shall maintain documentation any time ESI is used with a student.

Such documentation must include all of the following:

• Date and time of the intervention
• Type of emergency safety intervention,
• Length of time the intervention was use,
• School personnel who participated in or supervised the ESI.
• Whether the student had an IEP at the time of the incident,
• Whether the student had a Section 504 plan at the time of the incident, and • Whether the student had a behavior intervention plan at the time of the incident.

All such documentation shall be provided to the building principal, who shall be responsible for providing copies of such documentation to the superintendent or the superintendent’s designee on at least a biannual basis. At least once per school year, each building principal or designee shall review the documentation of ESI incidents with appropriate staff members to consider the appropriateness of the use of ESI in those instances.

Reporting Data

District administration shall report ESI data to the state department of education as required.

Parent Right to Meeting on ESI Use

After each incident, a parent may request a meeting with the school to discuss and debrief the incident. A parent may request such meeting verbally, in writing, or by electronic means. A school shall hold a meeting requested under this subsection within ten (10) school days of the parent’s request. The focus of any such meeting shall be to discuss proactive ways to prevent the need for emergency safety interventions and to reduce incidents in the future.

For a student who has an IEP or a Section 504 plan, such student’s IEP team or section 504 plan team shall discuss the incident and consider the need to conduct a functional behavioral analysis, develop a behavior intervention plan or amend either if already in existence. For a student with a section 504 plan, such student’s section 504 plan team shall discuss and consider the need for an evaluation under the special education for exceptional children act, K.S.A. 72-961 et seq., and amendments thereto. For students who have an IEP program and are placed in a private school by a parent, a meeting called shall include the parent and the private school, who shall consider whether the parent should request an IEP team meeting. If the parent requests an IEP team meeting, the private school shall help facilitate such meeting.

For the student who does not have an individual education program (IEP) or section 504 plan, the parent and school shall discuss the incident and consider the appropriateness of a referral for an evaluation under the special education for exceptional children act, K.S.A. 72961 et. seq., and amendments thereto, the need for a functional behavioral analysis or the need for a behavior intervention plan. Any meeting called shall include the student’s parents, a school administrator for the school where the student attends, one of the student’s teachers, a school employee involved in the incident and such other school employees designated by the school administrator as appropriate for such meeting.

The parent shall determine whether the student shall be invited to any meeting called. The time for calling such a meeting may be extended beyond the 10 school day limit if the parent of the student is unable to attend within that time period. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the development and implementation of a functional behavior assessment or a behavior intervention plan for any student if such student would benefit from such resources.

Local Dispute Resolution Process

If a parent believes that an emergency safety intervention has been used on the parent’s child in violation of state law or board policy, the parent may file a complaint as specified below.

The Board of Education encourages parents to attempt to resolve issues relating to the use of ESI informally with the building principal and/or superintendent before filing a formal complaint with the Board. Once an informal complaint is received, the administrator handling such complaint shall investigate such matter, as deemed appropriate by the administrator. In the event that the complaint is resolved informally, the administrator must provide a written report of the informal resolution to the superintendent and the parents and retain a copy of the report at the school. The superintendent will share the informal resolution with the board of education and provide a copy to the state department of education.

If the issues are not resolved informally with the building principal and/or superintendent, the parents may submit a formal written complaint to the Board of Education by providing a copy of the complaint with the clerk of the board and the superintendent within 30 days of the date on which the parent was informed of the use of the emergency safety intervention.

Upon receipt of a formal written complaint, the board president shall assign an investigator to review the complaint and report findings to the board as a whole. Such investigator may be a board member, a school administrator selected by the board, or a board attorney. Such investigator shall be informed of the obligation to maintain confidentiality of student records and shall report the findings and recommendation action to the board in executive session

Any such investigation must be completed within thirty (30) days of receipt of the formal written complaint by the board clerk and superintendent. On or before the 30th day after receipt of the written complaint, the board shall adopt written findings of fact and, if necessary, appropriate corrective action. A copy of the written findings of fact and any corrective action adopted by the board shall only be provided to the parents, the school and the state department of education and shall be mailed to the parents and the state department within thirty (30) days of the board’s receipt of the formal complaint.

If desired, a parent may file a complaint under the state board of education administrative review process within thirty (30) days from the date a final decision is issued pursuant to the local dispute resolution process.